Economics of Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Sport - Essay Example Without this sports excitement, the league and the events would be dull and would not attract fans and customers. The uniqueness of the sports world lies in the fact that they develop their business on selling competition. One of the key features of the economics of sports is that the demand for its product is related to the uncertainty of the outcome (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). The league attempts to restrict competition so that no one team is able to gain too much market power or excessive dominance. If any team of professional team sports gains monopoly, it would cause the revenue to disappear altogether (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). There are many ways to measure competitive balances, the most frequently used metrics are standard deviation and win percentages of the teams for a given year, ratio of the actual to idealized standardized standard deviation of win percentages, ratio of top to bottom win percentages, the range of win percentages, the gini coefficient of win percentages and the excess tail frequencies (Zimbalist, 2004). It is assumed that fans have a strong preference of uncertainty of outcomes for the purpose of hopes and expectations. The best measure to use would be one to which consumers show most sensitivity (Zimbalist, 2004). In his book â€Å"Handbook of sports economics† (2006) Fizel explains that there are many measures of competitive balance, but their efficacy is still argued over. However the arguments over the relative efficacy are due to the inability to understand the distinction between the three main elements of competitive balance. remain at the top and those which are not remain at the bottom for long periods of time. Although it is widely agree that competitive balance is essential for keeping fans interested, it has also been viewed that in certain cases the home team’s performance has a significant impact on the attendance. This is in contrast to the hypotheses of uncertainty of outcome. This probability

Identify the Impact of Pathophysiology, Psychology and Sociology in Essay

Identify the Impact of Pathophysiology, Psychology and Sociology in Determining the Physical and Mental Health Status of the Ind - Essay Example 47). As a common knowledge, Alzheimer’s disease is hereditary. The fact that Lucinda’s grandfather had dementia increases her risks of developing the same illness. With this in mind, Lucinda’s changes in her behaviour such as depression including her difficulty in following conversations, and the feeling of excessive tiredness can be explained by the psychosocial impact of having an Alzheimer’s disease. The role of psychotherapists is to allow newly diagnosed individuals to effectively deal with their negative feelings whereas the social workers are trained to help patients with Alzheimer’s disease deal with their social problems with their family members, at work, or within the community (Thompson and Bass, 2009). In most cases, psychotherapy can be used to initially diagnose the level of Lucinda’s depression. By referring her to a psychotherapist as one of the clinical interventions for her case, Lucinda and her partner may find it easier t o accept and deal with the agitation, anxiety, and depression this couple is going through after knowing that Lucinda is at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Lucinda is having difficulty trying to remember the names of people she worked with every day. For this reason, there is an increased risk wherein Lucinda might end up isolating herself from other people. To avoid making herself or other people feel bad, she made it a habit to cover up some of these occasions from her friends and family members in order to save face. However, the patient should be informed that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (Lu and Bludau, 2011, p. 60). To make it easier for the patient to deal with cognitive, behavioural, social and emotional changes, Lucinda should receive psychological and social intervention to make her understand and be emotionally prepared for other serious physical and mental health changes as the Alzheimer’s diseases progresses to a more advance sta ge. To identify the presence of brain damage, either MRI or PET scan can be used. In general, the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the presence of plaques and tangles in the brain. Common among the aging individuals, the presence of ?-amyloid plagues, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and the neuronal cell death are among the main factors that can cause the patients to undergo a neurodegenerative process (Kumer et al., 2010, pp. 1313 – 1317; Jackson-Siegal, 2005). Although these substances can also be found among elderly patients without Alzheimer’s disease, Jackson-Siegal (2005) explained that one of the most unique feature of Alzheimer’s disease is that these plagues and tangles are localized in the brain in parallel to the clinical symptoms. With regards to familial Alzheimer’s disease, mutations on chromosomes 21, 19, 14, 12, and 1 is responsible for these changes (Barlow and Durand, 2012, p. 546; Cummings et al., 1998). Even though Lucinda is experiencing episodes of worsening and frequent forgetfulness, confusion, and difficulty to remember names of people she worked each day; the fact that she can still recognize her partner strongly suggest that she is having a mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (Jackson-Siegal, 2005). In general, the entorhinal cortex is connected to the hippocampus – responsible for our memory formation, and the cerebral cortex. In the case of Lucinda, her memory loss or the short-term recall can be explained by the presence