Sir Winston Churchill and his Pivotal Role in World War II Essay Example

Sir Winston Churchill and his Pivotal Role in World War II Essay Sir Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965) was one of the greatest leaders this world has seen. He was the British Prime Minister at the time of the Second World War and lead to Britain’s victory over Nazi Germany. His contributions in the form of written books and recorded speeches serve as an insight into history and as a source of inspiration till today. His perseverance and courage were worthy of praise. He strongly believed in spending his life in serving the country. He is still regarded as one of the most significant Englishmen of the twentieth century. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL EARLY AND JOURNALIST YEARS 1874-1903 Sir Winston Churchill was born in Woodstock in 1874. His parents were too busy for him and he spent most of his time with his nanny who he became very attached to. He had a younger brother. As a child, Churchill was stubborn and annoying. He was educated at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. It is said that at school Sir Winston Churchill was a poor student and a disappointment to his father.[1] Churchill was chubby and not particularly tall. At the age of 21, Sir Winston Churchill joined the British army which he left four years later.[2] During his stay in the army, Churchill took part in the Battle of Omdurman. Writing was his passion. He used to love writing about his experiences and other prevailing issues. According to Churchill, Writing is an adventure. To begin with, it is a toy and amusement. Then it becomes a mistress, then it becomes a master, then it becomes a tyrant. The last phase it that just as you are about to be reconciled to your servitude, you kill the monst er and fling him to the public. It was during this time that he wrote some of his most famous books. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Winston Churchill and his Pivotal Role in World War II specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Winston Churchill and his Pivotal Role in World War II specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Winston Churchill and his Pivotal Role in World War II specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1896 and 1897, Sir Winston Churchill stayed in India where he worked as a soldier and a reporter. Sir Winston Churchill left the British army in 1899 after which he started writing war related news for the Morning Post. In 1900, Sir Winston Churchill went back to England and became a member of the House of Commons. Thought a Conservative during this time, Sir Winston Churchill switched sides and joined the Liberal party in 1903.   [3] Achievements of Sir Winston Churchill Sir Winston Churchill’s accomplishments began in his 20s when he was an active journalist. His successes continued while he was an active politician and when he became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He is known as one of the greatest leaders in history. Sir Winston Churchill had a strong foothold of the English language. His works as a writer won him the Nobel Prize in Literature. Sir Winston Churchill always supported European and Atlantic alliance. Eventually this alliance resulted in the NATO. Sir Winston Churchill also introduced reforms for prisons which included not only entertainment activities but also the provision of basic health care facilities for the prisoners. [4] Sir Winston Churchill remained the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for almost the entire Second World War from the year 1940 all the way up to 1945. Hence all the war time decisions were made by him. Sir Winston Churchill was very well versed with the military and warfare. It was him who formed military bodies that eventually went on to destroy the German forces. His most significant role was his leadership during the Second World War against Nazi Germany.[5] For all his dedication and efforts for Britain on an international arena, Sir Winston Churchill received much praise and honor. He was given U.S. citizenship and the title for one of the greatest Englishmen in history. [6] Special Characteristics of Sir Winston Churchill Sir Winston Churchill was an outstanding orator and author. He was also a well reputed journalist and painter. During his lifetime, he wrote many books and delivered numerous speeches that inspired people. He took keen interest in history and was one of the most significant leaders in the history of Europe. Churchill was far-sighted, focused, determined to succeed, independent, persistent, passionate and brave. He did not believe in the concept of surrender. He was emotionally and physically tough. His trait of being courageous has been proven on several accounts. He was always a keen and dedicated warrior. Sir Winston Churchill was a strong leader. He believed in whole heartedly fighting for his country. The population of the United Kingdom could relate to him and visualize his dreams. He encouraged them to turn their dreams into reality. [7] Lessons we learn from the life, achievements and disappointments of Churchill One thing we note from Churchill’s life is that when children do not feel loved and protected at home, the insecurity and depression they experience then becomes a personality trait and appears on the surface later on. It creates in them the need to make their presence felt. Even Sir Winston Churchill said that if he could not get himself to be loved, he could at least get himself to be admired. The most important thing that we can gauge from the life of Sir Winston Churchill is that perseverance, passion and refusal to surrender leads to success. After the victory in World War II when Churchill participated in the elections again, he was sure he would win because of his recent popularity. To his surprise and disappointment, he lost the General Elections. This fact proves that one can never afford to be laid back. It was after this shock that Churchill revamped his party and went out of his way to regain the lost support. Continuous efforts are required for success. The minute a person starts taking success for granted, before he knows it, it is taken away by someone else. SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL STATESMAN YEARS 1904-1933 Sir Winston Churchill was pro social welfare and joined the Liberal Party in 1904. He won the General Elections in 1906 and formed the Liberal government. Two years later, Sir Winston Churchill got married to Clementine Ogilvy Spencer. He had one son and two daughters with her. His family brought him a lot of happiness. However, one of his daughters died at the age of three. This was one of the reasons for his depression in the years to follow. [8] How did he advance in politics? Sir Winston Churchill’s father was an active politician. This is where Churchill got his political background from. He was an average student. He dropped out of school and joined the army at a young age. Sir Winston Churchill was initially posted in Cuba where he got involved in the on-going civil war. After this he moved to India where he signed up to participate in the rebellion at Malakand.   There was no opening for him on that front so he signed up as a journalist and still went to Malakand to take part in the revolt. While in India, Sir Winston Churchill served as a war correspondent. [9] After his duration in India, Sir Winston Churchill went to Sudan where he took part in the uprisings that occurred in 1898.[10] The first time Sir Winston Churchill fought in the General Elections, he was unsuccessful. Later on, Churchill was taken prisoner for carrying a weapon but he escaped from prison and rejoined the army.[11] In 1906, Sir Winston Churchill participated in the General Elections and won. Thus he formed the Liberal government. After the elections of 1910, Sir Winston Churchill was made Home Secretary. One important contribution he made was the reforms he introduced for the prisons. He generated activities that included the basic essentials as well as entertainment for prisoners. The entertainment included educational sessions and concerts and the essential services included provision of medical and health care facilities. [12] One year later, in 1911, Sir Winston Churchill became Lord of Admiralty. It was during this time that he transformed the navy with advanced equipment. Sir Winston Churchill took special interest in the armed forces. A year later he formed the Royal Naval Air Service. The latter was made modern with the help of new equipment and aircraft. Sir Winston Churchill was so passionate about the navy that he even learnt how to fly an aircraft. It was in 1915 that Sir Winston Churchill rejoined the British Army. During this time Churchill looked after the manufacture of aircrafts, artillery, weapons and tanks. During 1919 and 1920, Sir Winston Churchill also worked under the leadership of Lloyd George as Minister of War and Air and later as Colonel Secretary. Some of Churchill’s actions in war were severely criticized. For instance, he suggested using chemical weapons just to test them on the Arabs. Later on, Sir Winston Churchill became Chancellor of the Exchequer. After 1925, Churchill took on the job of editing the very famous state magazine called the British Gazette. In 1929, the government was defeated and Churchill lost his rank. However, in 1933 when the Nazis emerged and Adolf Hitler gathered immense support in Germany, Sir Winston Churchill led the rearmament movement in the United Kingdom. nbsp; What did he write? Sir Winston Churchill’s career as an author started in 1985 when he began writing for the newspaper. He enjoyed writing about his adventures and experiences. The following year, he wrote his first book titled The Story of the Malakand Field Force. In 1898, Sir Winston Churchill wrote another book called The River War. The next year brought with it two more books by Churchill: London to Ladysmith via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton’s March. In 1900, Churchill’s original called Savrola was published. In 1903 Sir Winston Churchill wrote Mr. Brodrick’s Army and in 1906 he wrote Lord Randolph Churchill and For Free Trade. The former was about his late father. Two years later, Sir Winston Churchill narrated his adventures in Africa via the book title An African Journey. His other books regarding politics include Liberalism and the Social Problem, The People’s Rights and The World Crisis. The World Crisis was published between 1923 and 1931 in six volumes.[13] His other important books include India (1931), Thoughts and Adventures (1932), The War Speeches (1941-1946), The Second World War (1948-1953), A History of English-Speaking People (1956-1958) and If I Lived my Life Again (1974). [14] How did he get depressed? There were many reasons that led to Sir Winston Churchill’s depression. To begin with, his parents neglected him and he always felt the absence of a loving family. Although his marriage did bring him a lot of happiness, the early childhood depression remained. Moreover, one of his daughters passed away at the age of three.[15] In 1914, Churchill came up with the brilliant plan of campaigning in the Dardanelles but unfortunately the plan failed. Churchill was blamed of poor leadership and his allies turned hostile against him. A year later, a British ship sank due to an attack by a German submarine, taking the lives of just under 2000 people on board. Churchill was suspected of being involved in making the ship sink. It was due to all these accusations that Churchill was downgraded from the Admiralty. Following this, Sir Winston Churchill experienced bouts of depression.[16] These fits of depression were aggravated by Churchill’s exit from office in 1930 and his failure in the elections in 1945. He gave his depression the name of â€Å"Black Dog†. Churchill’s depression used to be intense and last for weeks at times. Judging from his mood swings, there have been rumors that Sir Winston Churchill suffered from Bi Polar Depression. nbsp; What did he do before World War II? Before the start of the Second World War, it was Sir Winston Churchill who sensed the danger coming and stressed that Britain become prepared to face the Nazi Germany and the emerging Hitler. By this time he had had adequate experience in the military and in participating in rebellions. This coupled with his political background prepared him for what was to come. [17] Why did he become great during World War II? International Role World War II started in 1939. At this time, the British Prime Minister Chamberlain appointed Churchill as the first Lord of the Admiralty. In 1940 he went on to become the Chair person of the Military Committee. The Chamberlain government failed in the same year and Sir Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. As prime minister, Sir Winston Churchill founded a federation government which included people from the Labor Party. He placed these people in top ranks in the government. It was during this time that Sir Winston Churchill communicated frequently with Franklin D. Roosevelt and developed strong ties with him. This was a relationship that was in favor of Great Britain for the rest of the war. Britain was able to engage in an exchange of weapons and other war equipment as a result of this friendship.[18] The government of the United Kingdom further benefited from an agreement with the United States of America called the Lend Lease agreement by which it could acquire weapons from the United States on credit. The benefits of this relationship extended till the end of the war when the two allies jointly asked Germany to surrender in 1943.[19] Under the leadership of Sir Winston Churchill, Britain remained strong and the Germans failed to invade it. Eventually they gave up trying. Sir Winston Churchill was accused of poor leadership and wrong decisions. Eventually his party and the Parliament lost faith in him. On the brighter side, Sir Winston Churchill was a very impactful writer and orator. His speeches that were transmitted using the radio used to move people and inspire them to fight for their country. Even during the war, he kept communicating with his people via speeches that kept their Morales high and their determination going. Due to his dedication and enthusiasm during the war, Sir Winston Churchill surfaced as a hero. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Sir Winston Churchill collaborated with Franklin D. Roosevelt in order to win against Germany and Japan. Sir Winston Churchill was also friendly with the leaders of the Soviet Union. Sir Winston Churchill – Domestic Role Despite his success in the international arena, Sir Winston Churchill was less successful back at home. Many people, such as the working class, despised him for his guts.   At times, Sir Winston Churchill was blamed for regularly changing parties. Britain did win the war, but many people were of the view that Sir Winston Churchill did nothing to improve the United Kingdom as a country. THE FINAL YEARS 1946-1965 What happened after World War II? In 1946 Sir Winston Churchill went to the United States. He was also made the leader of the opposition party. While in the United States, he gave his Iron Curtain Speech which is talked of till today. In fact, former President George W. Bush used an adaptation of Churchill’s speech when he addressed the nation following the attacks on the twin towers in 2001. In 1951, the General Elections were held again and Sir Winston Churchill won yet another time. All the while he kept writing books that became really famous pieces of work. It was after this that he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Why was he voted out of office? Churchill took part in the elections following the Second World War but to his disappointment, he was defeated. This defeat surprised him because he had just emerged victorious from the war and was confident about his support. The apparent reason for his failure in the elections was that people wanted a change in the reforms. Moreover some people were still suspicious of Churchill’s intentions and actions. What did he do in his last years? After the defeat in elections, Sir Winston Churchill worked to regain the lost support. He made efforts to revamp his party and carried out campaigns involving influential speeches. Through his speeches he cautioned his people about the growing socialist threat. At the age of 75, Sir Winston Churchill started writing his famous book titled The Second World War. In 1949, at the old age of 77, Sir Winston Churchill became Prime Minister again. Two years later in 1953, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and came to be known as Sir Winston Churchill. It was during the same time that he received his Nobel Prize for his significant contribution to Literature. In 1954, Sir Winston Churchill retired with dignity from the House of Commons. A year later he resigned from his beloved post of Prime Minister. Around that time he completed writing his famous book A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. He spent his last years painting and reflecting on thoughts. He became subdued and even stopped reading.    After suffering from Pneumonia three times and numerous strokes, Sir Winston Churchill died at the age of 90 in 1965 of poor health.[20] CONCLUSION Sir Winston Churchill lived from 1874 to 1965. He was an excellent orator and writer. During his life time he wrote numerous books and delivered several speeches, many of which are still a source of inspiration for leaders today. Sir Winston Churchill served as a reporter in his early life to the Morning Post. He fought in a few battles in Sudan, India and Malakand. Coming from a political background, he was into politics and the armed forces since his childhood. Sir Winston Churchill switched from being Conservative to becoming a member of the Liberal Party. He was often criticized for this. Nonetheless he had adequate experience in the army and warfare. He was even in charge of warfare equipment and artillery. He set up military bodies and supported the development of tanks. All these factors prepared him for the Second World War that he was destined to lead. Sir Winston Churchill’s role in the Second World War was very significant. He became the British Prime Minister at the start of World War II and remained so throughout the war. Under his leadership, Britain was able to fight back the strong Nazi force of Germany under the ruthless Adolf Hitler. It was all because of Sir Winston Churchill that Britain was able to defeat Germany. Besides the experience in warfare and the military, Sir Winston Churchill also built strong ties with Franklin D. Roosevelt. This alliance helped Britain during the war in terms of equipment supplies and so on. Moreover, it was with Roosevelt that Churchill asked Hitler to unconditionally surrender the war in 1945. nbsp;

Child Pornography on the Internet essays

Child Pornography on the Internet essays In this new age of Information, the Internet has made all types of information readily available. Some of this information can be very useful, some can be malicious. Child pornography, also known as Paedophilia is one of these problems. Any one person can find child pornography on the internet with just a few clicks of the mouse using any search engine. Despite webmaster's and law enforcement officials' efforts to control child pornography and shut down illegal sites, new sites are posted using several ways to mask their identity. The Internet provides a new world for curious children. It offers entertainment, opportunities for education, information and communication. The Internet is a tool that opens a window of opportunities. As Internet use grows, so do the risks of children being exposed to inappropriate material, in particular, criminal activity by paedophiles and child Many children first come in contact with the Internet at a very young age. Some children become victims of child pornography through close relatives who may have abused them. Some children become involved with chat services or newsgroup threads. It is usually through these sites that they meet child pornographers. Children may be asked to send explicit pictures of themselves taken either by a digital camera or scanned from a polaroid. The pornographer will then post the pictures on their web site, sometimes hiding them through encryption, steganography or password protecting them using a javascript or applet. Certain efforts have been made to control child pornography through legislation. In 1977 the Sexual Exploitation of Children Act was put into Legislation. (U.S. Code : Title 18, Section 2251-2253) The law prohibits the use of a minor in the making of pornography, the transport of a child across state lines, the taking of a pornographic picture of a minor, and th...

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes]

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes] As businesses become more international, so must our writing. Most of the time, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there are some confusing verbs that global business writers should try to avoid. These are called phrasal verbs. First, let’s take a look at the different types of verbs. There are two main types of verbs: Action verbs, such as run, jump, talk, negotiate, etc. Stative verbs, such as be, have, like, love, etc. (We don’t really â€Å"do† these verbs. They are more descriptive verbs than doing verbs.) As I’m sure you can guess, there are far more action verbs that stative verbs, and there are a lot that are particular to business. You can find a great list of business related action verbs here from Pepperdine University: Now that we have reviewed some background information on verbs, what exactly is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is phrase made up of a verb and a preposition that means something other than what the two words mean independently. If we made this into a formula, it would look like this: verb + preposition = new meaning Phrasal verbs are common in English, but they are difficult for global audiences. They are often concidered idioms. You cannot deduce the meaning based on the two words alone, they can be difficult to find in a dictionary, and they are different from one English speaking country to another. (Ever notice that the British call to-go food â€Å"take away† while in the U.S. it’s called â€Å"take out?†) Let’s take a look at a couple of examples, and the synonymous one-word verbs you could use instead: The markets are blowing up right now. In this example, no one is literally blowing air up into the sky, so this could be hard to decode. Instead, say: The markets are exploding right now. The use of the synonymous one-word verb exploding makes the sentence accessible for all readers, not just those who speak a particular variety of English. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); Here’s another example: We need to look into that option. In this example, we are not literally looking into a box or the refrigerator, so this also could be hard to understand. Instead, we should say: We need to research that option. In both examples, there is a one-word verb that means the same thing as the phrasal verb. When writing for a global audience, it is always better to use the synonymous one word verb because it is easier to understand and far easier to look up if your reader doesn’t understand it. If you enjoyed this article, you may also enjoy our full list of business writing tips. For readers looking to improve their English business writing skills we offer a full business writingcourse for non-native speakers.

Economics of Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Sport - Essay Example Without this sports excitement, the league and the events would be dull and would not attract fans and customers. The uniqueness of the sports world lies in the fact that they develop their business on selling competition. One of the key features of the economics of sports is that the demand for its product is related to the uncertainty of the outcome (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). The league attempts to restrict competition so that no one team is able to gain too much market power or excessive dominance. If any team of professional team sports gains monopoly, it would cause the revenue to disappear altogether (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). There are many ways to measure competitive balances, the most frequently used metrics are standard deviation and win percentages of the teams for a given year, ratio of the actual to idealized standardized standard deviation of win percentages, ratio of top to bottom win percentages, the range of win percentages, the gini coefficient of win percentages and the excess tail frequencies (Zimbalist, 2004). It is assumed that fans have a strong preference of uncertainty of outcomes for the purpose of hopes and expectations. The best measure to use would be one to which consumers show most sensitivity (Zimbalist, 2004). In his book â€Å"Handbook of sports economics† (2006) Fizel explains that there are many measures of competitive balance, but their efficacy is still argued over. However the arguments over the relative efficacy are due to the inability to understand the distinction between the three main elements of competitive balance. remain at the top and those which are not remain at the bottom for long periods of time. Although it is widely agree that competitive balance is essential for keeping fans interested, it has also been viewed that in certain cases the home team’s performance has a significant impact on the attendance. This is in contrast to the hypotheses of uncertainty of outcome. This probability

Identify the Impact of Pathophysiology, Psychology and Sociology in Essay

Identify the Impact of Pathophysiology, Psychology and Sociology in Determining the Physical and Mental Health Status of the Ind - Essay Example 47). As a common knowledge, Alzheimer’s disease is hereditary. The fact that Lucinda’s grandfather had dementia increases her risks of developing the same illness. With this in mind, Lucinda’s changes in her behaviour such as depression including her difficulty in following conversations, and the feeling of excessive tiredness can be explained by the psychosocial impact of having an Alzheimer’s disease. The role of psychotherapists is to allow newly diagnosed individuals to effectively deal with their negative feelings whereas the social workers are trained to help patients with Alzheimer’s disease deal with their social problems with their family members, at work, or within the community (Thompson and Bass, 2009). In most cases, psychotherapy can be used to initially diagnose the level of Lucinda’s depression. By referring her to a psychotherapist as one of the clinical interventions for her case, Lucinda and her partner may find it easier t o accept and deal with the agitation, anxiety, and depression this couple is going through after knowing that Lucinda is at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Lucinda is having difficulty trying to remember the names of people she worked with every day. For this reason, there is an increased risk wherein Lucinda might end up isolating herself from other people. To avoid making herself or other people feel bad, she made it a habit to cover up some of these occasions from her friends and family members in order to save face. However, the patient should be informed that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (Lu and Bludau, 2011, p. 60). To make it easier for the patient to deal with cognitive, behavioural, social and emotional changes, Lucinda should receive psychological and social intervention to make her understand and be emotionally prepared for other serious physical and mental health changes as the Alzheimer’s diseases progresses to a more advance sta ge. To identify the presence of brain damage, either MRI or PET scan can be used. In general, the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the presence of plaques and tangles in the brain. Common among the aging individuals, the presence of ?-amyloid plagues, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and the neuronal cell death are among the main factors that can cause the patients to undergo a neurodegenerative process (Kumer et al., 2010, pp. 1313 – 1317; Jackson-Siegal, 2005). Although these substances can also be found among elderly patients without Alzheimer’s disease, Jackson-Siegal (2005) explained that one of the most unique feature of Alzheimer’s disease is that these plagues and tangles are localized in the brain in parallel to the clinical symptoms. With regards to familial Alzheimer’s disease, mutations on chromosomes 21, 19, 14, 12, and 1 is responsible for these changes (Barlow and Durand, 2012, p. 546; Cummings et al., 1998). Even though Lucinda is experiencing episodes of worsening and frequent forgetfulness, confusion, and difficulty to remember names of people she worked each day; the fact that she can still recognize her partner strongly suggest that she is having a mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (Jackson-Siegal, 2005). In general, the entorhinal cortex is connected to the hippocampus – responsible for our memory formation, and the cerebral cortex. In the case of Lucinda, her memory loss or the short-term recall can be explained by the presence

Avalanches :: essays research papers

Avalanche Testing and Safety White soft fluffy snow, hard to imagine something so innocent could be so destructive. Just picture a few tons of snow traveling down the mountain at approximately 80 miles per hour, taking down everything in its path. Avalanches have been a threat as long as there has been snow and mountains. Since I’m an avid backcountry skier it is important to learn about these life threatening snow masses. So in order to protect yourself from anything you must first learn how it works. First off there is three main components to an avalanche, without them you can’t have an avalanche. They go as follows: 1) snow 2) slope 3) snow instability. Secondly, there are two kinds of avalanches; slab and loose snow. Loose snow are minor and usually never exceed 20 miles per hour. While slab avalanches are the destructive and deadly mountain slides. It is not uncommon for one of these to destroy a small town or forest. Since loose snow avalanches aren’t very dangerous, I will discuss slab avalanches. The fundamentals of how these snow masses occur, what to look for when testing and just all-together prevention. The basic chemistry behind a slab avalanche is when one layer of snow does not bond to the layer below it. Any kind of temperature change, fresh snowfall, the weight of a person, all can cause the slab to break free from the lower layer. The formation of a slab is possible in many ways. One way is for the snow to develop a crust and then there be more snowfall. Since snow doesn’t bond to the crust it becomes a potential for an avalanche zone. Another way is for surface hoar to develop, or large ice crystal on the snow. This is usually caused by condensation on the snow surface. This will also have poor bonding characteristics, and cause for a potential slide. The crystal itself is also very stable and will stay in that formation until melted usually. Slab avalanches usually only occur between 35-45 degree slopes and on a concave slope. There are ways possible to test for an avalanche zone. These tests have been developed over the years by ski patrollers, avalanche safety, and seasoned mountaineers. Make sure whenever performing an avalanche test you are not in an area where you could possibly trigger or be in the path of an avalanche. The most common test to use is the shear test.

African American Identity in Media

The print ad was about drug abuse and risky teenage behavior. We have to be realistic and see that many of the victims continue to be African American teenagers, especially the ones coming from poorer families.Although any young person would be attracted to an ad like this one, it seems to reach out to African Americans more because it speaks of struggles and pressure, both of which they are most acquainted compared to other people in this country.What shared values or norms are promoted in the media or marketing piece you selected?The print ad highlights the values of identity and freedom. What the ad is saying is that you don’t have to give in to peer-pressure. You can do what your own thing and be your own person without destroying your life. You can be free from drugs and you do not have to fit into the stereotype of a â€Å"teenage junkie†. It’s not worth it. Be your own person. Own yourself.How do these values contribute to the cultural identity of African- Americans?It should bring about feelings of liberation and pride. African Americans have fought so hard in the past to have the same rights, walk the same streets and work in the same jobs as white people. This is what these ads are reminding them of. That they must continue to fight whatever it is that keeps them from being free.They must resist the stereotypes and transcend these daily temptations to join the deteriorating masses. These values create a sense of connection between them because it reminds them that freedom does not come easy but the sweetness of freedom makes it worth fighting for. Today many African Americans are leaders in business, media, sports, entertainment and all other possible fields — all because they transcended the stereotypes.